![]() ![]() Therefore, physiologic dead space is equivalent to anatomical. In a healthy adult, alveolar dead space can be considered negligible. The respiratory zone is comprised of respiratory bronchioles, alveolar duct, alveolar sac, and alveoli. Physiologic or total dead space is equal to anatomic plus alveolar dead space which is the volume of air in the respiratory zone that does not take part in gas exchange. This volume is considered to be 30% of normal tidal volume (500 mL) therefore, the value of anatomic dead space is 150 mL. Anatomical dead space is represented by the volume of air that fills the conducting zone of respiration made up by the nose, trachea, and bronchi. The two types of dead space are anatomical dead space and physiologic dead space. Dead space represents the volume of ventilated air that does not participate in gas exchange. Over the past two decades, there has been increasing interest in dead space since the publication by Nuckton et al. ![]() Dead space ventilation-related indices remain hampered by several deflects notwithstanding, for this catastrophic syndrome, they may facilitate better stratifications and identifications of subphenotypes, thereby providing therapy tailored to individual needs.Ī hallmark of classical ARDS is an increased shunt caused by alveolar collapse and/or alveolar flooding from a physiological viewpoint. ![]() These parameters have already been applied to positive end expiratory pressure titration, prediction of responses to the prone position and the field of extracorporeal life support for patients suffering from ARDS. Thus, new attention has been given to this group of dead space ventilation-related indices, such as physiological dead space fraction, ventilatory ratio, and end-tidal-to-arterial PCO 2 ratio, which, albeit distinctive, are all global indices with which to assess the relationship between ventilation and perfusion. Cumulative evidence has demonstrated that the ventilatory ratio closely correlates with mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and a primary feature in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-ARDS is increased dead space that has been reported recently. ![]()
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